the ranks are as follows {in order from lowest to highest}:
student: rank granted upon joining the clan
padawan: granted when a student gains a master
jedi: granted after padawan has been trained in the use of counters against the basic kata moves
adept: usually granted when the master feels they are ready for the rank {some masters have the padawan undergo a sort of mini trial}
jedi knight: achieved after the padawan has passed a knight's trial
jedi guardian: achieved after a knight has fully trained a padawan to knight rank {next best thing to being master without being the actual rank}
jedi master: achieved after passing a masters trial {note this is not the same thing as being a master to a padawan}
arbiter: this rank is not achieved trough any sort of trial or skill based test, mainly granted to a member that has shown interest in assisting the clan in any number of ways
council: only achievable if a seat opens up and only available to arbiters only 5 of these are ever available at a time i believe
i would go into the absolute specifics but i feel that is good enough

or you could have just gone here
http://www.knights-reborn.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=5
~Come to bring the Lady of Time to her final destination, The Big Bad Wolf~